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Friday, December 09, 2011
Wednesday, August 31, 2011
American UFO Patent Designs
James F King Jr. MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC PROPULSION APPARATUS U.S.A patent # 3,322,374 1964
The present invention relates in general to craft propelled by magnetohydrodynamic effects and methods of propulsion and control thereof, and more particularly to heavier-than-air craft which are propelled by interaction of magnetic fields upon electrically conductive fluids such as plasma, surrounding the craft.
The technological field of magnetohydrodynamics, fThe technological field of magnetohydrodynamics, frequently referred to as MHD, is concerned with the study of dynamic effects of magnetic fields upon electrically conducting fluids, a prime example of which is plasma. The term "plasma," has been variously defined as a space charge neutralized ion cloud containing substantially equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons, or any mixture of particles, some of which are charged, whose spatial dimension exceeds the Debye length and where the percentage of the mixture that is ionized contains an approximately equal number of positive and negative particles so that the overall aggregate is electrically neutral. As used in the present discussion, the term "plasma" is intended to described a gas or electrolyte which in addition to meeting the criteria just given is in such a state of ionization that it becomes conductive enough, to be affected by magnetic fields. That is to say, such an electrically conductive fluid medium containing charged particles is sufficiently conductive so that electric currents in the nature of eddy currents may be induced in the fluid medium by magnetic fields by the phenomena known as "mutual induction." An object of the present invention is the provision of a novel method and apparatus for propulsion of craft which relies upon interaction of magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in conductors on the craft with a surrounding electrically conductive environment or medium to produce reaction thrust. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel propulsion method and apparatus for heavier-than-air craft surrounded by a plasma or ionized field produced by the craft. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a heavier-than-air craft having self-contained means for generating an ionized or plasma field in air surrounding the craft and means for generating a polyphase excited moving magnetic field of such character that currents are induced in the surrounding ionized or plasma field which constitutes a mobile fluid conductor and the conductor medium is propelled by the moving magnetic fields to produce reactive thrust for propelling the craft. Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of propulsion apparatus for a craft of the character described in the preceding paragraph arranged in such a way as to permit direction control and impart inherent stability to the craft similar to that attained with dihedral wing arrangements. Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the invention will become apparent from the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings. Heretofore, arrangements have been disclosed for propulsion of craft by establishing high electrical D.C. potentials between spaced conductors or electrodes and thereby generating ions or charged particles which are electrically attracted in a selected direction and through collision with air molecules create a propulsive force. requently referred to as MHD, is concerned with the study of dynamic effects of magnetic fields upon electrically conducting fluids, a prime example of which is plasma. The term "plasma," has been variously defined as a space charge neutralized ion cloud containing substantially equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons, or any mixture of particles, some of which are charged, whose spatial dimension exceeds the Debye length and where the percentage of the mixture that is ionized contains an approximately equal number of positive and negative particles so that the overall aggregate is electrically neutral. As used in the present discussion, the term "plasma" is intended to described a gas or electrolyte which in addition to meeting the criteria just given is in such a state of ionization that it becomes conductive enough, to be affected by magnetic fields. That is to say, such an electrically conductive fluid medium containing charged particles is sufficiently conductive so that electric currents in the nature of eddy currents may be induced in the fluid medium by magnetic fields by the phenomena known as "mutual induction." An object of the present invention is the provision of a novel method and apparatus for propulsion of craft which relies upon interaction of magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in conductors on the craft with a surrounding electrically conductive environment or medium to produce reaction thrust. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel propulsion method and apparatus for heavier-than-air craft surrounded by a plasma or ionized field produced by the craft. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a heavier-than-air craft having self-contained means for generating an ionized or plasma field in air surrounding the craft and means for generating a polyphase excited moving magnetic field of such character that currents are induced in the surrounding ionized or plasma field which constitutes a mobile fluid conductor and the conductor medium is propelled by the moving magnetic fields to produce reactive thrust for propelling the craft. Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of propulsion apparatus for a craft of the character described in the preceding paragraph arranged in such a way as to permit direction control and impart inherent stability to the craft similar to that attained with dihedral wing arrangements. Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the invention will become apparent from the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings. Heretofore, arrangements have been disclosed for propulsion of craft by establishing high electrical D.C. potentials between spaced conductors or electrodes and thereby generating ions or charged particles which are electrically attracted in a selected direction and through collision with air molecules create a propulsive force.
Dipolar Force Field Propulsion System. James E. Cox patent # 4,663,932 May 12, 1987
From U.S.A. patent 4,663,932; A dipolar force field propulsion system having a alternating electric field source for producing electromotive lines of force which extend in a first direction and which vary at a selected frequency and having an electric field strength of a predetermined magnitude, a source of an alternating magnetic field having magnetic lines of force which extend in a second direction which is at a predetermined angle to the first direction of the electromotive lines of force and which cross and intercept the electromotive line of force at a predetermined location defining a force field region and wherein the frequency of the alternating magnetic field substantially equal to the frequency of the alternating electric field and at a selected in phase angle therewith and wherein the magnetic field has a flux density which when multiplied times the selected frequency is less than a known characteristic field ionization potential limit; a source of neutral particles of matter having a selected dipole characteristic and having a known characteristic field ionization potential limit which is greater than the magnitude of the electric field and wherein the dipoles of the particles of matter are capable of being driven into cyclic rotation at the selected frequency by the electric field to produce a reactive thrust, a vaporizing stage which vaporizes said particles of matter into a gaseous state at a selected temperature, and a transporting system for transporting the vaporized particles of matter into the force field defined by the crossing electromotive lines of force and the magnetic lines of force. Inventor: Cox; James E. (Los Angeles, CA) 1982.
Protective Enclosure Apparatus for Magnetic Propulsion Space Vehicle.Ernest J. Shearing patent # 5,269,482 December 14, 1993
This is accomplished by means of a superconductive Dewar Vessel. This vessel has a chamber made of superconductive material, surrounded by suspended magnets of the same material. The system has accelerometers for each of the X, Y, and Z-axis. When gravity or acceleration changes are detected, the system sets up an opposing field to cancel out those changes. This invention makes these propulsion systems safer and more capable because the crew is protected from the inherent dangers of fast direction changes. This makes them more maneuverable, as I have seen first hand. If the crew were subjected to the forces of acceleration possible with these engines, we would have a hard time scraping them from the walls of their ships.
So it appears we now have all of the necessary components available to be on par with "other space-faring worlds". All With human engineered technology! I'm certain we will find that the solid-state electromagnetic spacecraft is the preferred mode of travel in the galaxy. Bearing this in mind, why should we waste our time and our resources on dangerous chemical rocket systems, costing billions of dollars, and not paying off in the same way as efficient, clean, solid state propulsion systems? Since the cost involved with a solid-state system is in the construction and not in their operation, they are the most practical choice for a continued use space vehicle configuration. If you have an engineering background in high potential electromagnetics you will find the inclusion of the complete patent disclosure documents very helpful. I recommend that even the novice reader at least read the description of the preferred embodiment, section of each document. I further recommend that the reader review the entire patent collection for a complete understanding of the relevant science, and math behind each invention. The purpose of my breakdown of the information is to help the novice to see the potential of these systems. I think the advanced reader will find interesting new engineering possibilities with these components plugged into you own designs.
Electromagnetic Energy Propulsion Engine *James R. Taylor, patent # 5,197,279.
Electrokenetic Transducer T. Townsend Brown Patent #2,949,550.
The present invention relates in general to craft propelled by magnetohydrodynamic effects and methods of propulsion and control thereof, and more particularly to heavier-than-air craft which are propelled by interaction of magnetic fields upon electrically conductive fluids such as plasma, surrounding the craft.
The technological field of magnetohydrodynamics, fThe technological field of magnetohydrodynamics, frequently referred to as MHD, is concerned with the study of dynamic effects of magnetic fields upon electrically conducting fluids, a prime example of which is plasma. The term "plasma," has been variously defined as a space charge neutralized ion cloud containing substantially equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons, or any mixture of particles, some of which are charged, whose spatial dimension exceeds the Debye length and where the percentage of the mixture that is ionized contains an approximately equal number of positive and negative particles so that the overall aggregate is electrically neutral. As used in the present discussion, the term "plasma" is intended to described a gas or electrolyte which in addition to meeting the criteria just given is in such a state of ionization that it becomes conductive enough, to be affected by magnetic fields. That is to say, such an electrically conductive fluid medium containing charged particles is sufficiently conductive so that electric currents in the nature of eddy currents may be induced in the fluid medium by magnetic fields by the phenomena known as "mutual induction." An object of the present invention is the provision of a novel method and apparatus for propulsion of craft which relies upon interaction of magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in conductors on the craft with a surrounding electrically conductive environment or medium to produce reaction thrust. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel propulsion method and apparatus for heavier-than-air craft surrounded by a plasma or ionized field produced by the craft. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a heavier-than-air craft having self-contained means for generating an ionized or plasma field in air surrounding the craft and means for generating a polyphase excited moving magnetic field of such character that currents are induced in the surrounding ionized or plasma field which constitutes a mobile fluid conductor and the conductor medium is propelled by the moving magnetic fields to produce reactive thrust for propelling the craft. Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of propulsion apparatus for a craft of the character described in the preceding paragraph arranged in such a way as to permit direction control and impart inherent stability to the craft similar to that attained with dihedral wing arrangements. Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the invention will become apparent from the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings. Heretofore, arrangements have been disclosed for propulsion of craft by establishing high electrical D.C. potentials between spaced conductors or electrodes and thereby generating ions or charged particles which are electrically attracted in a selected direction and through collision with air molecules create a propulsive force. requently referred to as MHD, is concerned with the study of dynamic effects of magnetic fields upon electrically conducting fluids, a prime example of which is plasma. The term "plasma," has been variously defined as a space charge neutralized ion cloud containing substantially equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons, or any mixture of particles, some of which are charged, whose spatial dimension exceeds the Debye length and where the percentage of the mixture that is ionized contains an approximately equal number of positive and negative particles so that the overall aggregate is electrically neutral. As used in the present discussion, the term "plasma" is intended to described a gas or electrolyte which in addition to meeting the criteria just given is in such a state of ionization that it becomes conductive enough, to be affected by magnetic fields. That is to say, such an electrically conductive fluid medium containing charged particles is sufficiently conductive so that electric currents in the nature of eddy currents may be induced in the fluid medium by magnetic fields by the phenomena known as "mutual induction." An object of the present invention is the provision of a novel method and apparatus for propulsion of craft which relies upon interaction of magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in conductors on the craft with a surrounding electrically conductive environment or medium to produce reaction thrust. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel propulsion method and apparatus for heavier-than-air craft surrounded by a plasma or ionized field produced by the craft. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a heavier-than-air craft having self-contained means for generating an ionized or plasma field in air surrounding the craft and means for generating a polyphase excited moving magnetic field of such character that currents are induced in the surrounding ionized or plasma field which constitutes a mobile fluid conductor and the conductor medium is propelled by the moving magnetic fields to produce reactive thrust for propelling the craft. Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of propulsion apparatus for a craft of the character described in the preceding paragraph arranged in such a way as to permit direction control and impart inherent stability to the craft similar to that attained with dihedral wing arrangements. Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the invention will become apparent from the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings. Heretofore, arrangements have been disclosed for propulsion of craft by establishing high electrical D.C. potentials between spaced conductors or electrodes and thereby generating ions or charged particles which are electrically attracted in a selected direction and through collision with air molecules create a propulsive force.
Dipolar Force Field Propulsion System. James E. Cox patent # 4,663,932 May 12, 1987
From U.S.A. patent 4,663,932; A dipolar force field propulsion system having a alternating electric field source for producing electromotive lines of force which extend in a first direction and which vary at a selected frequency and having an electric field strength of a predetermined magnitude, a source of an alternating magnetic field having magnetic lines of force which extend in a second direction which is at a predetermined angle to the first direction of the electromotive lines of force and which cross and intercept the electromotive line of force at a predetermined location defining a force field region and wherein the frequency of the alternating magnetic field substantially equal to the frequency of the alternating electric field and at a selected in phase angle therewith and wherein the magnetic field has a flux density which when multiplied times the selected frequency is less than a known characteristic field ionization potential limit; a source of neutral particles of matter having a selected dipole characteristic and having a known characteristic field ionization potential limit which is greater than the magnitude of the electric field and wherein the dipoles of the particles of matter are capable of being driven into cyclic rotation at the selected frequency by the electric field to produce a reactive thrust, a vaporizing stage which vaporizes said particles of matter into a gaseous state at a selected temperature, and a transporting system for transporting the vaporized particles of matter into the force field defined by the crossing electromotive lines of force and the magnetic lines of force. Inventor: Cox; James E. (Los Angeles, CA) 1982.
Protective Enclosure Apparatus for Magnetic Propulsion Space Vehicle.Ernest J. Shearing patent # 5,269,482 December 14, 1993
Finally any of these drive systems would be dangerous to the crew of the ship, due to the high acceleration possible, and because of the power of the magnetic fields used. The engine areas would of course be shielded to help concentrate the fields and to protect the passengers from EM radiation. Gravity and acceleration must also be countered to protect the crew. That is the purpose of this invention.
This is accomplished by means of a superconductive Dewar Vessel. This vessel has a chamber made of superconductive material, surrounded by suspended magnets of the same material. The system has accelerometers for each of the X, Y, and Z-axis. When gravity or acceleration changes are detected, the system sets up an opposing field to cancel out those changes. This invention makes these propulsion systems safer and more capable because the crew is protected from the inherent dangers of fast direction changes. This makes them more maneuverable, as I have seen first hand. If the crew were subjected to the forces of acceleration possible with these engines, we would have a hard time scraping them from the walls of their ships.
So it appears we now have all of the necessary components available to be on par with "other space-faring worlds". All With human engineered technology! I'm certain we will find that the solid-state electromagnetic spacecraft is the preferred mode of travel in the galaxy. Bearing this in mind, why should we waste our time and our resources on dangerous chemical rocket systems, costing billions of dollars, and not paying off in the same way as efficient, clean, solid state propulsion systems? Since the cost involved with a solid-state system is in the construction and not in their operation, they are the most practical choice for a continued use space vehicle configuration. If you have an engineering background in high potential electromagnetics you will find the inclusion of the complete patent disclosure documents very helpful. I recommend that even the novice reader at least read the description of the preferred embodiment, section of each document. I further recommend that the reader review the entire patent collection for a complete understanding of the relevant science, and math behind each invention. The purpose of my breakdown of the information is to help the novice to see the potential of these systems. I think the advanced reader will find interesting new engineering possibilities with these components plugged into you own designs.
Electromagnetic Energy Propulsion Engine *James R. Taylor, patent # 5,197,279.
The Taylor engine uses a very different means to propel the craft. This drive system is most suitable for use as a deep space drive, because it requires no gas field or solid propellant. This drive system only requires that it remain at a superconductive temperature, and has high-density electric power supply available for producing the required magnetic field. This engine is very much like the impulse engines from Star Trek.
It works by shearing off electromagnetic bubbles at very high frequency. This creates ripples on the fabric of space-time on which to ride. All this is accomplished by producing two opposing high-density electromagnetic fields in opposition to one another, then Canceling out one field, and at the same time shearing off the opposing field with a torriodial wound coil. Then the computer control introduces an eddy current into the now turned off field coil to prevent a back EMF from forming. All of this is a little confusing for someone with no engineering background in the field. It suffices to say that what we have here is a solid-state device very similar to what we might expect to find in a UFO, or as I stated earlier A star trek impulse engine.
"Scotty, tell me you have the impulse engines on line"
"Aye captain we have impulse power" "Take us ahead then Mr.Scott Full Impulse"
"Scotty, tell me you have the impulse engines on line"
"Aye captain we have impulse power" "Take us ahead then Mr.Scott Full Impulse"
The inventor estimates that with existing or anticipated superconductors, and with existing or anticipated power supplies, that the speed possible, with engines of this design, would be in the order of 29,900kps. This is roughly 10% of Light Speed. Not too shabby when compared to rockets. This system only requires a 10kev electric cell, which is available right now from General Electric. If the craft uses the new high temp superconductor materials available today it would not even require liquid Helium which is expensive and difficult to maintain in storage. Cheap and plentiful liquid Nitrogen could be used. It’s easy to cool so it can be recycled and used again and again. The Taylor Drive doesn't have the radar invisibility of the Dipolar Force Field system so a combination of these 2 systems could be deployed where their advantages are best exploited. The Dipolar system, in or near atmosphere and close orbit then, switching to the Taylor Drive for between world travels. I will discuss this in greater detail later in the book. The only technical problem we must overcome with these new high temperature superconductors is that of brittleness and magneto-restrictive forces breaking down the field drive coils. Once this is solved we can use the high temperature superconductive elements without making major design changes
Electrokenetic Transducer T. Townsend Brown Patent #2,949,550.
Thomas Townsend Brown did the earliest work on electromotive force, for use in a drive system. Townsend Brown was a physicist, who discovered, that a transducer would lose weight when charged with a significant direct current. He patented a number of inventions based on his discovery. One of the drawings for his first invention is shown below this drawing shows his Electrokenetic Transducer tethered to a center hub that provides power to the transducer. One can easily imagine what this device could do if the power supply were shrunken in size and placed within the disk. If charge could be controlled, and moved about the disk, the disk could change direction as quickly as flipping a switch.
While studying the magnetic properties of high voltage capacitors, Thomas Townsend Brown noticed that when sufficient charge is applied to a transducer, the transducer would lose weight in proportion to the charge.
He theorized that if the overall weight of the capacitor materials could be reduced, without reducing the K value of the capacitor, (that is how much charge it will hold without arcing through) He could get that sucker to fly with a sufficient charge.
Biefeld-Brown Effect: http://www.zamandayolculuk.com/cetinbal/biefeldbrowneffect.htm
While studying the magnetic properties of high voltage capacitors, Thomas Townsend Brown noticed that when sufficient charge is applied to a transducer, the transducer would lose weight in proportion to the charge.
He theorized that if the overall weight of the capacitor materials could be reduced, without reducing the K value of the capacitor, (that is how much charge it will hold without arcing through) He could get that sucker to fly with a sufficient charge.
Biefeld-Brown Effect: http://www.zamandayolculuk.com/cetinbal/biefeldbrowneffect.htm
Tuesday, August 30, 2011
20 25´ 32.21" N 136 04´ 52.15" E Suposed Alien Base in the Pacific, another Hoax debonked
Regarding this supposed Alien Base in the Pacific, of course the first time i saw the place I was interested because after viewing the video and check the GPS location and the structures were in fact enormously suggestive in terms of research, So i decided to investigate further and come to the conclusion that the local structures have nothing to do with UFO's bases USO's or something like that, it's just an artificial atoll called Okinotorishima, bild by the Japanese. Those structures are the start of a lighthouse, a marine facility Investigation and a beacon light. Not too strange... so we have a new hoax on the map ;-)
A 1740 km south of Tokyo, emerge three islets that disappear at high tide, surrounded by a reef. Atoll is known as Okino-Tori-Shima, or as Okinotorishima, and in practice is a lagoon surrounded by coral with a few rocks that emerge within it.
The Government of Japan, adding to the law of the sea of the United Nations (can only be established an exclusive economic zone around an area that can sustain human life itself), has worked to establish property rights of a human base funding permanently investing millions of dollars. The reason for the investment?: A farming area equivalent to 400,000 square kilometers, an area larger than the entire surface area of Japan.
Atoll Okinotosishima, jetties were built, concrete walls and a marine research base heliport, with an investment of $ 600 million also tries to resist the rise of sea level and the disappearance of islotes, the Japanese government, has a successful strategic and economic sense, has been careful in the past and present to lay a property right so rudimentary as this:
To read more about this place clik HERE
Thursday, August 25, 2011
Fukushima catastrophe - Disaster beyond imagining
Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear facility continues to impact the country’s citizenry, and new reports indicate the negative impact within 3 kilometers of the plant will likely last for decades, confirming what many had already believed: the disaster is far greater than government officials have previously indicated. Citing unnamed government sources, Japan’s Yomiuri Shimbun reports the no-entry zone will probably include parts of Okumamachi and Futabamachi, both located in Fukushima Prefecture and both lying within the new 3-kilometer no-entry zone initiated by the Japanese government on Monday. Japan’s Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry (MEXT) estimates cumulative radiation levels at the plant since the triple meltdown occurred will greatly exceed 20 millisieverts at 35 locations primarily in Okumamachi and Futabamachi. Designation of an expanded evacuation zone is based on the benchmark of 20 millisieverts. The ministry took radiation level measurements at 50 no-entry zone locations and found the Koirino district of Okumamachi, located three kilometers southwest of the plant, was estimated to reach 508.1 millisieverts. In Ottozawa, the calculation was 393.7 millisieverts. Prime Minister Nato Kan will be holding talks with local government leaders in the impacted areas and issue an apology for the prolonged evacuation. The Japanese government is contemplating using locations around the Daiichi facility as temporary storage areas for radioactive waste, including the sludge and debris remaining from the attempt at treating contaminated water. “I can't deny the possibility that it may be difficult for residents from some areas to return home for a long time. I deeply apologize for that,” said Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano, Agence France-Presse reports. The government declared a no-entry zone in April after the Daiichi plant suffered the nuclear meltdowns on March 11 from a deadly earthquake and ensuing tsunami. The plan at that time was to lift the no-entry zone next January, a time which the plant’s operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), said it would bring the facility to a cold shutdown, or stable condition. News of the decades-long no-go zone, however, means Japanese citizens who lived within three kilometers of the plant will now be forced to seek permanent living quarters elsewhere.
The First Quantitative Estimate of Fukushima Radiation Leak
In an attempt to clear some confusion and understand exactly how much radiation actually leaked from the damaged nuclear reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan on March 11, atmospheric chemists at the University of California, San Diego, have produced the first quantitative estimate of how much radiation actually leaked from the reactor.
Mark Thiemens, study leader and Dean of the Division of Physical Sciences at UC San Diego, along with post-doctoral researcher Antra Priyadarshi, and a team of researchers, observed the amount of radioactive sulfur in the air soon after the earthquake in Japan and was able to report a quantitative measurement of the amount of radiation leaked.
When fuel rods melt, products like neutrons leak from the fuel rods. Seawater is used to cool the hot reactors, and absorbs the leaked neutrons. These neutrons "collide" with chloride ions in the seawater, which results in the loss of a proton out of the nucleus of a chloride atom and turns the atom into a radioactive form of sulfur. Most of this vaporizes into steam when the saltwater comes into contact with the hot reactors, and to avoid explosions due to the collection of hydrogen, operators vent the steam into the atmosphere. Once in the air, the sulfur reacts with oxygen to create sulfur dioxide gas and eventually sulfate particles.
On the other side of the Pacific Ocean in La Jolla, California on March 28, 2011, Thiemens and his team noticed an "unprecedented spike" in radioactive sulfur in the air. They used a model, which was based on the NOAA's observations of atmospheric conditions, to determine the path the air took to get to California over the previous 10 days, and found that it had come from Fukushima Daiichi.
The next step was to calculate how much radiation had leaked from the reactor based on the path over the Pacific Ocean. They took into account that some sulfate particles had fallen into the ocean or decayed along the way, and concluded that 400 billion neutrons were released per square meter surface of the cooling pools. They predicted that this occurred between March 13, 2011 and March 20, 2011. March 13 was when operators began flooding the reactor with seawater.
"You know how much seawater they used, how far neutrons will penetrate into the seawater and the size of the chloride ion," said Priyadarshi. "From that, you can calculate how many neutrons must have reacted with chlorine to make radioactive sulfur."
To achieve the levels observed in California, the team said the concentrations a kilometer above the ocean close to Fukushima must have been 365 times above normal levels. Over the four days that the team took measurements, which ended March 28, Thiemens measured 1501 atoms of radioactive sulfur in sulfate particles per cubic meter of air. They mentioned that this was the highest they had seen in two years of observations and recordings.
According to the researchers, the radioactive sulfur observed was produced by partially melted nuclear fuel in the storage ponds or reactors. While cosmic rays can produce radioactive sulfur, the team noted that these rays rarely mix into the layer of air right above the ocean.
Despite the high levels of radioactive sulfur recorded in California, Thiemens and his team said these levels were not dangerous to human health.
"Although the spike that we measured was very high compared to background levels of radioactive sulfur, the absolute amount of radiation that reached California was small," said Thiemens. "The levels we recorded aren't a concern for human health. In fact, it took sensitive instruments, measuring radioactive decay for hours after lengthy collection of the particles, to precisely measure the amount of radiation.
Sea water contamination
The State Oceanic Administration's environmental protection department told that China will strengthen its monitoring for radioactive substances in the waters east of Fukushima, where the nuclear plant is, and in the East China Sea. By doing so, they hope to forecast what effect the radiation released by the plant will have on the marine environment and the safety of marine food.
The latest monitoring result released by the State Oceanic Administration on July 29 showed the first group of seawater samples collected from the area contained 300 times the amount of radioactive cesium that is found in nature and 100 times the amount of strontium.
The quality of the water and air in China haven't been affected so far by the radiation, the department said.
From June 16 to July 4, the administration sent a supervision team to look for radioactive materials in the waters east of Fukushima. They monitored an area encompassing 252,000 square kilometers, collecting large amounts of water, air and marine organisms during that time.
The test results will be gradually made public, according to the State Oceanic Administration.
In April, Tokyo Electric Power Co, the owner of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, announced plans to discharge about 11,500 tons of low-level radioactive water from the plant into the sea.
About 60,000 tons of water have been used to lower the temperature of the six reactors at the plant. The March earthquake and subsequent tsunami caused some of the plant's reactor cores to melt down after fuel rods there had become overheated, according to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log that was released by the International Atomic Energy Agency on April 11.
The State Oceanic Administration said the marine organisms in the places that are being monitored have been contaminated to different extents. Those that live near the surface are at a greater risk of being affected.
Cesium-137 and strontium-90 both have half-lives of about 30 years, making it more likely they will eventually enter the food chain and affect the health of consumers, the environmental protection department said.
Researchers will continue to try to protect public health by monitoring and gauging the effect of the radiation release on China's marine environment, according to the department.
Fukushima Japan Radiation Spreads Worldwide by Arnie Gundersen 8 22 11
Fukushima Daiichi Sea Water Purification Equipment |
Monday, August 08, 2011
German Haunebu Disc base in Brazil, is Randolph Winters theory true or false?
Randolph Winters gives a talk and slide show with pictures of what he claims to be a Brazilian UFO base populated by German intelligence agents, who pretend to be extraterrestrials when encountered by civilians. The photos show “beamships” that are parked on metallic landing pads, seemingly designed by Brazilian modernist architect, Oscar Niemeyer, designer of Brazil’s Martian-looking Capital City of Brasilia, as well as the UN Headquarters in New York City. The metallic pads charge the ships and prevent them from being sapped of their stored electromagnetic energy, due to prolonged contact with the ground. This is one of many stories about human-designed UFOs, that have been seen flying around 70 years. According to Winters, the German “Haunebu” and other “saucer” technologies found a home in Brazil – not just in Los Alamos, NM. This technology is said to have nothing whatsoever to do with “back-engineered,” “Alien” technology; just good ol’ German engineering, is what we’re told… I cannot confirm the veracity of the “facts” of this presentation but Winter’s tale is part of a pervasive body of urban legends that circulate within a vast community of UFO enthusiasts.
A Story suporting the Theory of German Haunebu Disc Bases in Brazil
AKAKOR - The lost city - and Karl Brugger assassination
This story begins on March 3, 1972 when Karl Bruggar, a German journalist, met an Indian chieftain named, Tatunca Nara. After Brugger tape recorded an interview with him, he accompanied Tatunca Nara into the Amazon jungle in an attempt to return to the secret city of Akakor. (Bruggar's story can be read in his book, The Chronicle of Akakor.) Tatunca Nara was a tall man with long dark hair and brown eyes that gleamed with suspicion, and for good reason - he was a Mestizo, a half-breed, the stigma that would one day come to haunt him.
Tatunca Nara told Brugger the tale of his tribe, the Ugha Mongulala, a chosen people by the Gods 15,000 years ago, long before academia says the first humans set foot on the North American continent. He said the language they spoke was Guechua, a written language of 1,400 symbols, each yielding a different meaning depending on their sequence. According to Tatunca Nara, the tale of Akakor was recorded in a tribal book entitled Chronicle of Akakor (not to be confused with Brugger's book THE Chronicle of Akakor), and begins at the year zero, which corresponds to the year 10,481 BC on the Gregorian calendar. He went on to say that during year zero "
...the Great Masters left the Ugha Mongulala...Before the year zero, men lived like animals, without laws, without clothing..." and that the Great Masters brought "the light" (here we have shades of Prometheus' story of bringing light, or knowledge, from the heavens to humankind.) Before year zero, the continent was "...still flat and soft, like a lamb's back...the Great (Amazon) River still flowed on either side." He continued to explain that sometime before year zero (Tatunca Nara guessed about 3,000 years before) "...glimmering golden ships appeared in the sky. Enormous blasts of fire illuminated the plain. The earth shook and thunder echoed over the hills."
The strangers in the golden ships looked like humans with fine features - white skin, bluish-black hair and thick beards. "They (the Ugha Mongulala tribe) had no tools as they did which, as if by magic, SUSPENDED THE HEAVIEST STONES, FLUNG LIGHTING AND MELTED ROCKS." These strangers civilized the tribe and built three great cities of stone called: Akanis, Akakor, and Akahim. The city of Akakor was built up the Purus River in a valley of mountains between Brazil and Peru. Likely locations are the Madre de Dios Province of Peru and the Acre Province of Brazil. "The whole city is surrounded by a high stone wall with thirteen gates...The gates are so narrow they give access only to one person at a time, and the plain in the east is guarded by stone watchtowers where chosen warriors are always on the lookout for enemies. "Akakor is laid out in rectangles. Two intersecting main streets divide the city into four parts corresponding to the four universal points of our Gods...
The Temple of the Sun and a stone gate sit on a wide square in the center. The temple faces due east, toward the rising sun, and is decorated with symbolic images of our Former Masters..." Tatunca described the city in great detailed - temples of artfully hewn stones, golden mirrors, life-size stone figures flanking the entrance to the temple, the temple's interior walls covered with relief, and that there is a large stone chest sunk into the front wall of the temple where the first written laws of their Former Masters is located. He said there were another 26 stone cities around Akakor, the largest being Humbaya and Paititi in Boliva, Emin (near the lower reaches of the Great [Amazon] River) and Cadira in the mountains of Venezuela. "...all these (cities) were completely destroyed in the first great catastrophe 13 years before the departure of the Gods."
"...The ancient Fathers also erected three (3) sacred temple complexes: Salazere, on the upper reaches of the Great River, Tiahuanaco, on the Great Lake, and Manoa, on the high plain in the south." A giant pyramid was erected in the center of these sacred temple complexes and a broad stairway led up to the platform where ceremonies were conducted. Interestingly enough, Tiahuanaco is the only place named that is known today and does indeed have a pyramid located in its center.
Tatunca Nara said he had seen only Salazere with his own eyes, which lies at a distance 8 days journey from Manaus at a tributary of the Great River. Its palaces and temples have now become completely overgrown by the Liana jungle. Only the top of the great pyramid rises above the canopy of the forest. According to Tatunca, there are also underground cities inside the mountains we call the Andes. Tunnels link "lower Akakor" with the underground cities. These tunnels are large enough to accommodate for five men walking upright and they are so extensive that it takes many days to reach one of the other cities. Tatunca said these underground cities were artificially illuminated by vertical shafts that ascended up to the surface where an enormous silver mirror dispersed light over the whole city.
These tunnels and subterranean cities were built by the Former Masters. From Tatunca Nara's memory - quoting the written Chronicle of Akakor: "And the Gods ruled from Akakor -- They ruled over men and the earth. They had ships faster than birds' flight, ships that reached their goal without sails or oars and by night as well as by day. They had magic stones to look into the distance so that they could see cities, rivers, hills, and lakes. Whatever happened on earth or in the sky was reflected in the stones. But the underground dwellings were the most wonderful of all. And the gods gave them to their Chosen Servants as their last gift. For the Former Masters are of the same blood and have the same father." In year zero, the Former Masters left, but before they left there was some kind of "War between the Gods." This war was horrible and devastating. Afterwards, the Former Masters left and a global catastrophe ensued. The Ugha Mongulala and the surrounding tribes lapsed into 6,000 years of barbarism. In the year 13 (10,468 BC) the course of the rivers was altered, and the elevation of the mountains and the strength of the sun changed. (Could this be an account of a polar shift - with massive amounts of volcanic ash in the sky?) During this time, "...Continents were flooded.
The waters of the Great Lake (near Tiahuanaco?) flowed back into the oceans. The Great (Amazon) River was interrupted by a new mountain range and now flowed swiftly toward the east (and into the Atlantic Ocean.) Enormous forest grew on its banks. A humid heat spread over the easterly regions...In the west, where giant mountains had surged up, people froze in the bitter cold of the higher altitudes..." All this would be known as the "First Great Catastrophe." After this first Great Catastrophe, the empire was set in ruins. Many of the passages that linked the borders of the empire were blocked; the mysterious light that illuminated the subterranean dwellings was extinguished; the twenty-six cities were destroyed by a tremendous flood; and "the sacred temple precincts of Salazere, Tiahunanaco, and Manoa lay in ruins, destroyed by the terrible fury of Gods." This would NOT be the last. In 3166 BC a second catastrophe occurred. This catastrophe ended the "Years of Blood" - the 6000 years of barbarism that had ravaged the land since the First Catastrophe. Just after this 2nd catastrophe, the Gods returned to Akakor, but only a few.
Their stay was short. Only two brothers stayed: Lhasa and Samon. Lhasa stayed with the Ugha Mongulala and Samon flew off to the east. Lhasa, now king of the Ugha Mongulala, fortified the kingdom and supposedly had Macchu Picchu built as an outpost of the empire. "Lhasa was the decisive innovator of the Ugha Mongulala Empire. During the 300 years of his rule, he laid down the basis for a powerful empire. Then he returned to the Gods. He convened the elders of the people and the highest priests and passed his laws on to them. He ordered the people to live according to the Gods' bequest forever and to obey his commands." After establishing this powerful empire, "he ascended the Mountain of the Moon, which looms over Machu Picchu, and in his flying disk forever withdrew from the humans.
So what happened to Samon? Tatunca Nara explained that Samon's empire was a mirror image of Akakor, located by a mighty (Amazon?) river. Lhasa often visited his brother with his flying disk to form a strong link between the two nations. In 3056 BC, he commanded the construction of a great city at the mouth of the Amazon River named, Ofir. Ofir became a powerful seaport. Here, Samon's empire docked with their valuable cargoes of gold, silver, ancient scrolls, rare woods, fine fabrics, and unknown green stones. Soon, Ofir became one of the wealthiest cities of the empire and also a target for attacks from the tribes in the East. In repeated attacks, these eastern tribes stormed the city, raided the ships at anchor and disrupted the communications with the interior.
One thousand years after Lhasa's departure, the empire disintegrated. The savage tribes of the East had succeeded in conquering Ofir and burned it to the ground. Subsequently, "the Ogha Mongulala yielded the (Atlantic) coastal provinces in the east and withdrew into the interior of the country. And the connection to Samon's empire was severed." Believed to be located on the borders of Brazil and Venezuela, Akahim was/is "a gigantic stone city shaped like an outstretched finger" that lies behind a great waterfall. It has "lain in ruins for 400 years, though it was in close alliance with Akakor for thousands of years." When the "White Barbarians" began to advance into their territory, the former residents of Akahim sought refuge underground. Apparently, Akahim and Akakor were/are linked together via a subterranean passage... Tatunca Nara goes on the say that circa 2470 BC the Inca founder of legend; Viracocha (an Ugha Mongulala who apparently had been banished from the tribe for breaking some law) founded the Inca dynasty and built Cuzco. (The Inca Empire would later become a sister nation of the Ogha Mongulala.)
Believed to be located on the borders of Brazil and Venezuela, Akahim was/is "a gigantic stone city shaped like an outstretched finger" that lies behind a great waterfall. It has" lain in ruins for 400 years, though it was in close alliance with Akakor for thousands of years." When the "White Barbarians" began to advance into their territory, the former residents of Akahim sought refuge underground. Apparently, Akahim and Akakor were/are linked together via a subterranean passage... Tatunca Nara goes on the say that circa 2470 BC the Inca founder of legend, Viracocha (an Ugha Mongulala who apparently had been banished from the tribe for breaking some law) founded the Inca dynasty and built Cuzco. (The Inca Empire would later become a sister nation of the Ogha Mongulala. Then, in 570 AD, white, bearded strangers sailing in long ships with a fierce dragon at the bow came up the Amazon River. They called themselves "Goths" (Goths?) and allied themselves with the people of Akakor. Their sailing ships consisted of iron armor, black sails, and colorful dragon heads and could carry up to 60 men. But the Germanic tribe of Ostrogoths (a warrior race that conquered Italy within 60 years) were defeated by the East Roman General Narses at the battle of Vesuvius in 522 AD) and the last survivor of this tribe had disappeared without a trace. Linguists claim to have found traces of their language in Southern France and Spain, but there is no definite proof where they migrated.
Well, according to Chronicle of Akakor, the Ostrogoths made an alliance with bold sailors of the north (North?) and ended up in South America. The subsequent union of the Goths and the Ugha Mongulala again strengthened Akakor. The Goths built new defenses and showed the Ugha Mongulala how to make iron and armor. Eventually, "The White Barbarians" invaded South America and conquered the Incas. Five years later, the Ugha Mongulala withdrew into the inner recesses of Akakor, and according to Tatunca Nara, they departed from Macchu Picchu and ordered their frontier cities abandoned and destroyed. This helps explain Macchu Picchu.
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As more and more Spanish and Portuguese landed at the mouth of the Amazon and continued to conquer more and more of South America, Akakor's sister city, Akahim (note the similarity of the name with city of Arakim in Siberia, Russia?), was attacked by hostile tribes and abandoned. While the men wanted to retreat, the women insisted on fighting the White Barbarians. And so the legend of the Amazons was born. According to Tatunca Nara, in 1920, the Spanish captured fifteen Inca nobles and held them prisoner in Lima.
Tatuncas father, Sinkaia, sent 80 worriers through the Lhasa's underground tunnels in an attempt to free them. For three moons they stealthily made their way to the capital of the White Barbarians. When dawn broke, they stormed out from hiding and attacked the White Barbarians. An ensuing battle raged. 120 White Barbarians were killed. But the White Barbarians were overwhelming. None of Sinkaia's warriors returned to Akakor. All had given their lives "as faithful servants of the Gods for the Chosen People." Later, in 1932 AD, the Ugha Mongulala attacked a white settlement on the upper reaches of the Santa Maria River. They killed all the men and took four women captive. Three of the women drowned in their attempt to escape, but one survived. Her name was Reinha, a German missionary. Reinha found her way to Akakor and grew fond of the city and its people. She eventually married Prince Sinkaia and gave birth to Tatunca Nara.
NOTE: The main points in the story from the records of Slavic Aryan Vedas:
1. The Ugha Mongulala means Mongolian Ear (but does not relate to modern Mongolian races in ancient Slavic Aryan language), a chosen people by the Gods in that area 15,000 years ago.
2. The language Gods spoke was Guechua in Slavic Aryan the neuro-lingual meaning of word Guechua is RECHA (means - LANGUAGE).
3. Guechua (RECHA), a written language of 1,400 symbols, each yielding a different meaning depending on their sequence SLAVIC ARYAN RUNIC ALPHABET consists of ~1400 RUNES, each yielding a different meaning depending on their sequence.
4. Ugha Mongulala tribal book entitled Chronicle of Akakor begins at the year zero, which corresponds to the year 10,481 BC on the Gregorian calendar (after the Great Masters started new calendar system and left the Ugha Mongulala tribe). IN SLAVIC ARYAN VEDAS THIS IS A TIME OF GREAT COOLING - 10908 BC.
5. At ~ 13000 BC glimmering golden ships appeared in the sky. Enormous blasts of fire illuminated the plain. The earth shook and thunder echoed over the hills." The strangers in the golden ships looked like humans with fine features - white skin, bluish-black hair and thick beards in Slavic Aryan Vedas there is a description of such people and also a description of the year 10908 BC as TIME OF GREAT COOLING.
6 .The Ugha Mongulala tribe had no tools as Gods did, which, as if by magic, SUSPENDED THE HEAVIEST STONES, FLUNG LIGHTING AND MELTED ROCKS." These strangers civilized the tribe and built three great cities of stone called: Akanis, Akakor, and Akahim (AS RUSSIAN ARAKIM).
7. In year zero (10,481 BC), the Former Masters left, but before they left there was some kind of "WAR BETWEEN THE GODS." This war was horrible and devastating. Afterwards, the Former Masters left and a global catastrophe ensued.
8. In 3166 BC a second catastrophe occurred. This catastrophe ended the "Years of Blood" - the 6000 years of barbarism that had ravaged the land since the First Catastrophe. Just after this 2nd catastrophe, the Gods returned to Akakor, but only a few - Lhasa and Samon.
9. Lhasa supposedly had Macchu Picchu built as an outpost of his empire.
Four years after Tatunca Nara was born, Reinha (his mother) returned to Germany as an ambassador to Hitler's Third Reich. A year later she returned with three German leaders and negotiated an agreement with the Ugha Mongulala. The Ugha Mongulala and the Germans would be allies in a plan that would rule Brazil. The Nazis would invade Brazil in 1945, occupy the large coastal cities and the Ugha Mongulala would attack the white settlements in the interior. After the expected victory, the Germans would rule the eastern provinces along the coast and the Ugha Mongulala would reclaim the region of the Great (Amazon) River.
According to Tatunca Nara, the first Nazi soldiers reached Akakor by U-boat in 1941; the last soldiers arriving in 1945. For years the Germans lived with the Ugha Mongulala, arming them and training them for a war that never came. But in 1963 fighting erupted between the Germans and the Ugha Mongulala and Peru. The Germans and the Ugha Mongulala killed a number of white settlers in the Madre Dios region, but when the Peruvian government counter-attacked, the Ugha Mongulala retreated back to Akakor. In 1968, a plane crashed near Akakor.
Sinkaia ordered his son, Tatunca, to go to the crash site and kill the survivors, who were being held captive by another tribe. But instead of slaying the survivors, Tatunca was able to release them from their captives and led them to Manaus. As it turned out, the 12 survivors were officers of the Brazilian government. Tatunca Nara eventually became the new tribal leader of the Ugha Mongulala and in 1972 he went to Manaus to negotiate with the White Barbarians in an effort to secure peace with them (he felt it was useless to fight them any longer.)
It was during this trip that he met Karl Brugger, the German journalist who documented the story you are reading here. Karl Brugger checked out what elements of Tatunca Nara's story he could and found them to be true. For example, Natunca claimed he saved the lives of 12 Brazilian officers (whose plane had crashed in the jungle) by obtaining their release from the Haisha Indians who had held them captive. He then led them to Manaus, where he originally met Karl Brugger. According to Brugger, Nara's story has been documented in the archives of Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, Manaus, and Rio Branco. Independent newspaper documentation of the tale is available beginning in 1968, which mentions "a white Indian chieftain who saved the lives of 12 Brazilian officers by obtaining their release from the Haisha Indians and leading them to Manaus. Witnesses said he spoke broken German, a number of Indian languages from the upper Amazon, and a little Portuguese."
It was during Tatunca and Karl Brugger's second meeting that Brugger accepted Tatunca's offer to accompany him up into the dangerous and forbidden rainforest to see the secret city of Akakor for himself first hand. On September 25, 1972, with a Winchester rifle, two revolvers, machetes, food, hammocks, jungle attire, medicine and other provisions and equipment, Tatunca Nara, Karl Brugger and a Brazilian photographer departed Manaus by river and motored up the Rios Purus to the secret city. Once they reached the Rio Yaku, their plan was to continue by canoe as far as they could and then proceed on foot through the foothills of the Andes to Akakor.
Tatunca estimated that it would take six (6) weeks. Once they reached the Rio Yaku, their plan was to continue by canoe as far as they could and then proceed on foot through the foothills of the Andes to Akakor. Tatunca estimated that it would take six (6) weeks. On October 5, ten days after they left Manaus, Brugger reported they had abandoned their boat at Cachoeira Inglesa (english waterfall) and began their final journey to Akakor by canoe. As they neared their destination, Brugger and the photographer became uneasy. Tatunca Nara began painting red stripes on his face and yellow stripes on his chest and legs, as if he was preparing to return to his people. The snow-capped mountains of the Andes mountains towered before them.
At this point they must have traveled far up the Rio Yaku and into Peru. On October 13, they lost their canoe over dangerous rapids. Most of their food and medical supplies were lost, and their camera equipment was destroyed. This was the excuse Brugger and the photographer needed to abandon the expedition and return to Manaus. They were only 10 days away from Akakor. But Tatunca Nara did not follow. With a bow, a small quiver of arrows, and a hunting knife, Natunca Nara disappeared into the forbidden jungle. Tatunca Nara was never seen or heard from again, or so the story was written.
Wednesday, August 03, 2011
The Mysterious Underground Town of Głuszyca - the Osówka Nazi German Complex
The Osówka Nazi German Complex was the last, the main, the largest, the most complex of Hitler's headquarters constructed in Lower Silesia.
The underground Complex of Osówka is situated just over a kilometre north-east of the village of Kolce, and at the same distance north of the village of Sierpnica.
Construction work commenced there in the summer of 1943. In time, a massive system of concrete passageways, reinforcements and halls was constructed. The objective of the project was kept secret. Some claim it was to become a secret headquarter of Adolf Hitler. Others maintain that these were to become workshops for an underground armament factory, where a secret weapon was to be manufactured. Most of the work was performed by the prisoners of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp.
The over-ground part of the Osówka Complex makes for the outer infrastructure of the underground facilities. The level of completion of the work makes the site the leader in the ranking of the most completed over-ground facilities of the "Riese" (German for a giant) project in the Sowie Mountains.
Of these, the most interesting are the tow objects, customarily named Kasyno (Casino) and Siłownia (Power Plant). The Kasyno is 50 metres long.
It is equipped with window holes, a monolithic reinforced concrete roof, chimney ducts, installation pipes, as well as external heat insulation from chip-and-concrete boards. The ceiling was constructed in the form of a trough, which was to be filled with soil and plants at a later stage. Siłownia, on the other hand, is a concrete block consisting of containers and rooms, complete with steel-clamped hatch doors.
The Osówka Complex is located within the administration boundaries of the town of Głuszyca, in the District of Wałbrzych. It is considered to be the most interesting and the largest complex of that kind in the Sowie Mountains.
History
In the presence of the increasing Allied air raids Nazi Germany moved a large part of its strategic armaments production into the assumed safety of the District of Sudetenland. In September 1943 a project was created to construct Hitler's headquarters in Książ Castle and underground factories below the Owl Mountains. For this purpose the Schlesische Industriegemeinschaft AG (Silesian Industrial Company) was established in autumn 1943 with headquarters in Jedlina-Zdrój.
The plans included adaptation works in Książ Castle, the creation of the underground complex below the castle, the construction of tunnels and large underground halls at several locations in the Owl Mountains. The rocks of the mountains were drilled and blasted with explosives and the resulting caverns were reinforced by concrete and steel. Then a network of roads, a narrow gauge railway, water supply, sewerage, electricity and telephone lines were put into place. For this purpose mining specialists were employed, mostly Germans, Italians, Ukrainians and Czechs but the majority of the work was done by forced labourers (chiefly Poles and Russians) and POWs (Italians and Russians). In November 1943 labour camps were established in Jedlinka, Głuszyca Górna, Walim and Kolce.
Dissatisfied with the progress of the project, in April 1944 supervision of construction was handed over to the Organisation Todt headquartered in Jedlina-Zdrój. Prisoners of the nearby concentration camp were assigned to forced labour. They were deployed in thirteen camps and a hospital in the vicinity of the complexes. The network of these camps has been named Arbeitslager Riese (List of subcamps of Arbeitslager Riese) and was part of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Administration of Arbeitslager Riese and the camp commander (SS-Hauptsturmführer Albert Lütkemeyer) were located in AL Wüstegiersdorf. From December 1944 to January 1945 the prisoners were guarded by 853 SS troops.
According to incomplete data at least 13,000 prisoners worked for the project, most of them transferred from Auschwitz concentration camp. The documents allow the identification of 8,995 prisoners. All of them were Jews, about 70 percent from Hungary, the rest from Poland, Greece, Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. They bored tunnels inside mountains, built roads and railway tracks, worked in the transportation of building materials.
According to Albert Speer, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich:
Together with the Red Army the Polish Army arrived in the area in May 1945. After the war the complexes were stripped of all machinery and raw materials within a few years. They were very valuable to a country ruined as a result of six years of war. Some German documents concerning Project Riese were found by the Polish Army and taken over by The Office of Security and never seen again.
It appears that the castle and its immediate surroundings were prepared as one of Hitler's main headquarters, although there is no direct evidence in documents. The purpose of the underground complexes in the mountains has not been determined. The opinions of experts incline towards the assumption that they were shelters for war production. None of the underground workings are finished, all are in different states of completion with only a small percentage of tunnels reinforced by concrete, except for complex Książ.
Presently the underground workings are visited by tourists and the enthusiasts of military facilities. Much of the underground is closed because of risk of accidents (so they say, for me its evident that there is something to hide). The complexes Rzeczka, Włodarz and Osówka are open to visitors.
Książ Castle is located near the city of Wałbrzych 50°50′32″N 16°17′32″E. The castle’s last owner in the inter-war period was the Hochberg family, one of the wealthiest baronial dynasties in Prussia, Hans Heinrich XV, Prince of Pless and his English wife Mary-Theresa Olivia Cornwallis-West (Princess Daisy). In 1941 the Nazis confiscated the castle. At that time sons of Daisy and Hans Heinrich fought against Hitler’s army - one in British Army and one in Polish Armed Forces in the West.
The works in Książ Castle led to the destruction of some chambers, in particular suffered the decorative elements of the ceilings and floors. The most serious work however took place below the castle. There are two levels of corridors and chambers. The first level is 15 m under the ground accessible from the castle by a lift and a staircase and also by two entrances from the gardens. It is reinforced by concrete (80 m long, 180 m2, 400 m3). The second level is 53 m under the courtyard. It contains four entrances, the network of wide tunnels (5 m high and 5.5 m wide) and four chambers. Most of the underground is reinforced by concrete. There are three shafts leading to the surface with diameters: 5 m (presently filled with rubble), 3.5 m and 0.7 m. The total length of the complex is 950 m (3,200 m2, 13,000 m3). Presently it contains seismological measuring equipment of the Polish Academy of Sciences, only the first level of the underground is open to visitors. Above the ground are foundations for machinery, a series of buildings and storehouses and two reservoirs of water. There are remains of sewage treatment plant and a narrow gauge railway. The forced laborers camp of AL Fürstenstein was built near the castle.
The complex is located on a borderline between the villages of Rzeczka and Walim, inside Ostra Mountain 50°41′19″N 16°26′40″E. There are three entrances leading to parallel tunnels about 45 m away from each other. Between them are large halls (up to 10 m in height), one is reinforced by concrete, two are collapsed. The tunnel number 1 is 100 m long and has an almost finished guardroom. There is one shaft leading to the surface (depth 30 m, diameter 5 m), presently filled with rubble. The length of the complex of tunnels is 500 m (2,500 m2, 14,000 m3). Built above the ground was the main telephone exchange, capable of serving a few hundred phone numbers. A narrow gauge railway was used for transportation. In 1995 the complex Rzeczka was opened for visitors and in spring 2001 transformed into museum. It contains exhibits connected to history of Project Riese.
The complex is located near the village of Walim, inside Włodarz Mountain 50°42′8″N 16°25′4″E. There are four entrances 80 m - 160 m away from each other leading to tunnels (180 m - 240 m long) containing guardrooms. The entire complex is a large amount of corridors intersecting at right angles and forming a grid. It contains one of the biggest unfinished halls (10 m high). There is a shaft leading to the surface (depth 40 m, diameter 4 m). Some of the corridors have higher second levels connected by small shafts (depth 3 m - 5 m, diameter 1.5 m). This is a stage of creating big halls. Two tunnels were bored, one over the other and then the ceiling was collapsed to create large space. Approximately 30% of the complex is flooded and can only be accessed by boat. The total length of the tunnels is 3,100 m (10,700 m2, 42,000 m3). Above the ground are foundations for machinery and buildings, the reservoir of water and storehouses with thousands of fossilized bags of cement. The forced laborers camp of AL Wolfsberg was built near the complex. The network of narrow gauge railway, existing here after the war was disassembled and scrapped. The complex is open to visitors.
The complex is located near the villages of Kolce and Sierpnica, inside Osówka Mountain 50°40′22″N 16°25′14″E. It has two entrances and one tunnel not connected to the main underground, all on different levels. There is a shaft leading to the surface (depth 48 m, diameter 5 m). The tunnel number 1 (150 m long) has chambers created for a guardroom. The tunnel number 2 (450 m long) begins on the level 15 m below the main underground. It has a guardroom reinforced by concrete and behind it there is the so-called "fault". It is a connection of two levels created by the collapse of the ceiling. The tunnel number 3 (120 m long) is not connected to the main underground. It is 450 m away from the entrance number 2 and 45 m below the level of the main underground. The tunnel contains two dams and a hydraulic equipment of unknown purpose. The total length of the tunnels is 1,700 m (6,700 m2, 30,000 m3). Above the ground are foundations for machinery and buildings, the depots of building materials and the reservoir of water. The network of narrow gauge railway existed here after the war. The forced laborers camp of AL Sauferwasser was built near the complex. Two objects are particularly interesting, the so-called "officers' mess" (679 m2, 2,300 m3) and "power station" (894 m2). The "officers' mess" is a building with walls 0.5 m thick and a roof adapted for a camouflage by vegetation. An unfinished subway (30 m long) connects it with the shaft. The "power station" is a concrete monolith (30 m x 30 m) with tens of pipes, drains, culverts and equipment of unknown purpose. The complex is open to visitors.
The complex is located near the villages of Sokolec and Sowina, inside Gontowa Mountain. It consists of two independent undergrounds 1 km apart on different levels. The underground 640 m AMSL 50°38′44″N 16°27′36″E has two entrances 100 m apart leading to tunnels containing chambers for guardrooms. The tunnel number 1 is 130 m long and the tunnel number 2 is 150 m long. The underground is collapsed in many places because it was bored in soft rock of sandstone. The underground 580 m AMSL 50°38′35″N 16°28′2″E has two independent tunnels 200 m apart. The tunnel number 3 was discovered in 1991. It is collapsed 11 m from the entrance and has not been explored yet. The tunnel number 4 (100 m long) was discovered in 1994, the only one which was found with mining equipment from 1945. The total length of known tunnels is 850 m (2,400 m2, 7,100 m3). Above the ground are remains of building and storage infrastructure and a narrow gauge railway. The forced laborers camp of AL Falkenberg was built near the complex.
The complex is located in the village of Jugowice Górne (Jawornik), inside Dział Jawornicki Mountain 50°42′35″N 16°25′12″E. It has seven entrances leading to six independent tunnels. The tunnel number 1 is 10 m long. The tunnels number 2 (115 m long) and number 4 lead to an underground of the total length of 450 m. There is a shaft leading from the surface (depth 16 m, diameter 0.5 - 0.6 m) near the underground but not connected to it. The tunnel number 3 is 15 m long. The tunnel number 5 is 5 m long. The tunnel number 6 is collapsed 30 m from the entrance and has not been explored yet. It has double armoured doors, one at the entrance and one behind the collapse. The tunnel number 7 has length of 40 m with concrete reinforcement 10 m long. The identified tunnels of the complex have length of 550 m (1,400 m2, 3,000 m3). Above the ground are remains of building and storage infrastructure and a narrow gauge railway. The forced laborers camp of AL Wüstewaltersdorf was built near the complex.
The complex is located near the hamlet of Zimna Woda and the town of Głuszyca, inside Soboń Mountain 50°41′7″N 16°23′58″E. It contains three tunnels running from three directions to one point. The tunnel number 1 is 216 m long, number 2 is 250 m long. The tunnel number 3 is not connected to the main underground. It is collapsed 83 m from the entrance and has not been explored yet. The total length of tunnels is 700 m (1,900 m2, 4,000 m3). Above the ground are several buildings, a bunker and traces of earthworks carried out on a massive scale. A narrow gauge railway was used for transportation. The forced laborers camp of AL Lärche was built near the complex.
The town of Głuszyca was in the centre of activity connected to Project Riese. Many camps of forced laborers were located in this area. It was a reloading place for the majority of supplies due to existence of a railway junction. In autumn 1943 the factory of Maschinenbau F. Krupp was relocated here from Essen. It took over local industry, mostly textile factories and adapted them to armaments production. As a preparation for the war an air raid shelter was built inside a hill near the factory of Mayer-Kauffmann Textilwerke AG 50°41′13″N 16°22′38″E. It has two entrances and is reinforced by bricks and concrete. The total length of tunnels is 240 m (600 m2, 1,800 m3).
The complex is located near the village of Dzikowiec, inside Wapnica Mountain 50°34′11″N 16°34′46″E. It is not classified as one of the complexes of Riese. A quarry and tunnels were created before the war as a result of limestone mining. It is surmised adaptation works were made here since 1943 by the prisoners of AL Ludwigsdorf II. The entrances number 1 and 2 are located inside the quarry. The tunnel number 3 (250 m long) starts from higher level and inclines towards the complex, reaching it 5 m above its floor. There are two large chambers (7 m high). The tunnel number 4, 100 m long and reinforced by stone, is not connected to the main underground. It was built to drain water from the mine. The complex was located near a railway.
All Fotos by Dylan
The underground Complex of Osówka is situated just over a kilometre north-east of the village of Kolce, and at the same distance north of the village of Sierpnica.
Construction work commenced there in the summer of 1943. In time, a massive system of concrete passageways, reinforcements and halls was constructed. The objective of the project was kept secret. Some claim it was to become a secret headquarter of Adolf Hitler. Others maintain that these were to become workshops for an underground armament factory, where a secret weapon was to be manufactured. Most of the work was performed by the prisoners of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp.
The over-ground part of the Osówka Complex makes for the outer infrastructure of the underground facilities. The level of completion of the work makes the site the leader in the ranking of the most completed over-ground facilities of the "Riese" (German for a giant) project in the Sowie Mountains.
Of these, the most interesting are the tow objects, customarily named Kasyno (Casino) and Siłownia (Power Plant). The Kasyno is 50 metres long.
It is equipped with window holes, a monolithic reinforced concrete roof, chimney ducts, installation pipes, as well as external heat insulation from chip-and-concrete boards. The ceiling was constructed in the form of a trough, which was to be filled with soil and plants at a later stage. Siłownia, on the other hand, is a concrete block consisting of containers and rooms, complete with steel-clamped hatch doors.
The Osówka Complex is located within the administration boundaries of the town of Głuszyca, in the District of Wałbrzych. It is considered to be the most interesting and the largest complex of that kind in the Sowie Mountains.
History
In the presence of the increasing Allied air raids Nazi Germany moved a large part of its strategic armaments production into the assumed safety of the District of Sudetenland. In September 1943 a project was created to construct Hitler's headquarters in Książ Castle and underground factories below the Owl Mountains. For this purpose the Schlesische Industriegemeinschaft AG (Silesian Industrial Company) was established in autumn 1943 with headquarters in Jedlina-Zdrój.
The plans included adaptation works in Książ Castle, the creation of the underground complex below the castle, the construction of tunnels and large underground halls at several locations in the Owl Mountains. The rocks of the mountains were drilled and blasted with explosives and the resulting caverns were reinforced by concrete and steel. Then a network of roads, a narrow gauge railway, water supply, sewerage, electricity and telephone lines were put into place. For this purpose mining specialists were employed, mostly Germans, Italians, Ukrainians and Czechs but the majority of the work was done by forced labourers (chiefly Poles and Russians) and POWs (Italians and Russians). In November 1943 labour camps were established in Jedlinka, Głuszyca Górna, Walim and Kolce.
Dissatisfied with the progress of the project, in April 1944 supervision of construction was handed over to the Organisation Todt headquartered in Jedlina-Zdrój. Prisoners of the nearby concentration camp were assigned to forced labour. They were deployed in thirteen camps and a hospital in the vicinity of the complexes. The network of these camps has been named Arbeitslager Riese (List of subcamps of Arbeitslager Riese) and was part of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Administration of Arbeitslager Riese and the camp commander (SS-Hauptsturmführer Albert Lütkemeyer) were located in AL Wüstegiersdorf. From December 1944 to January 1945 the prisoners were guarded by 853 SS troops.
According to incomplete data at least 13,000 prisoners worked for the project, most of them transferred from Auschwitz concentration camp. The documents allow the identification of 8,995 prisoners. All of them were Jews, about 70 percent from Hungary, the rest from Poland, Greece, Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. They bored tunnels inside mountains, built roads and railway tracks, worked in the transportation of building materials.
According to Albert Speer, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich:
And in 1944 he [Adolf Hitler] had two underground headquarters blasted into mountains in Silesia and Thuringia, the project tying up hundreds of indispensable mining specialists and thousands of workmen. (...) According to Point 18 of the Führerprotokoll, June 20, 1944, I reported to the Fuehrer that "at the moment a good 28,000 workers are building additions to the Fuehrer's headquarters." According to my memorandum of September 22, 1944, some 36,000,000 marks were spent for bunkers in Rastenburg [Wolf's Lair], 13,000,000 for bunkers in Pullach near Munich to provide for Hitler's safety when he visited Munich, and 150,000,000 for the bunker complex called the "Giant" near Bad Charlottenbrunn. These projects required 328,000 cubic yards of reinforced concrete (including small quantities of masonry), 277,000 cubic yards of underground passages, 36 miles of roads with six bridges, and 62 miles of pipes. The "Giant" complex alone consumed more concrete than the entire population had at its disposal for air-raid shelters in 1944.According to Nicolaus von Below, Hitler's adjutant:
The plans that we kept criticizing in those months [early 1944] included the construction of a huge new Headquarters for the Führer in Silesia, near Waldenburg, which was also to include Fürstenstein Castle within the estate of the von Pless princes. Hitler defended his orders and commanded that construction continue with the use of concentration camp prisoners managed by Speer. During the year, I visited this facility twice and each time had the strong impression that I wouldn't see its completion. I tried to inspire Speer to somehow influence Hitler to give the order that the project be stopped. Speer said that was impossible. The extravagant work continued - at a time when every tonne of concrete and steel was so urgently needed elsewhere.Before the entry of the Red Army some underground structures were probably destroyed, or at least the tunnels leading to them were blown up. In the documents of the Third Reich there are records which allow an assessment of the quantity of materials used in the construction of Project Riese and the volume of the tunnels. On this basis it appears that about half of the underground corridors have not been found yet.
Together with the Red Army the Polish Army arrived in the area in May 1945. After the war the complexes were stripped of all machinery and raw materials within a few years. They were very valuable to a country ruined as a result of six years of war. Some German documents concerning Project Riese were found by the Polish Army and taken over by The Office of Security and never seen again.
It appears that the castle and its immediate surroundings were prepared as one of Hitler's main headquarters, although there is no direct evidence in documents. The purpose of the underground complexes in the mountains has not been determined. The opinions of experts incline towards the assumption that they were shelters for war production. None of the underground workings are finished, all are in different states of completion with only a small percentage of tunnels reinforced by concrete, except for complex Książ.
Presently the underground workings are visited by tourists and the enthusiasts of military facilities. Much of the underground is closed because of risk of accidents (so they say, for me its evident that there is something to hide). The complexes Rzeczka, Włodarz and Osówka are open to visitors.
The individual structures of the project
Książ Castle
The works in Książ Castle led to the destruction of some chambers, in particular suffered the decorative elements of the ceilings and floors. The most serious work however took place below the castle. There are two levels of corridors and chambers. The first level is 15 m under the ground accessible from the castle by a lift and a staircase and also by two entrances from the gardens. It is reinforced by concrete (80 m long, 180 m2, 400 m3). The second level is 53 m under the courtyard. It contains four entrances, the network of wide tunnels (5 m high and 5.5 m wide) and four chambers. Most of the underground is reinforced by concrete. There are three shafts leading to the surface with diameters: 5 m (presently filled with rubble), 3.5 m and 0.7 m. The total length of the complex is 950 m (3,200 m2, 13,000 m3). Presently it contains seismological measuring equipment of the Polish Academy of Sciences, only the first level of the underground is open to visitors. Above the ground are foundations for machinery, a series of buildings and storehouses and two reservoirs of water. There are remains of sewage treatment plant and a narrow gauge railway. The forced laborers camp of AL Fürstenstein was built near the castle.
Complex Rzeczka
Complex Włodarz
Complex Osówka
Complex Sokolec
Complex Jugowice
Complex Soboń
Głuszyca
The town of Głuszyca was in the centre of activity connected to Project Riese. Many camps of forced laborers were located in this area. It was a reloading place for the majority of supplies due to existence of a railway junction. In autumn 1943 the factory of Maschinenbau F. Krupp was relocated here from Essen. It took over local industry, mostly textile factories and adapted them to armaments production. As a preparation for the war an air raid shelter was built inside a hill near the factory of Mayer-Kauffmann Textilwerke AG 50°41′13″N 16°22′38″E. It has two entrances and is reinforced by bricks and concrete. The total length of tunnels is 240 m (600 m2, 1,800 m3).
Complex Dzikowiec
The complex is located near the village of Dzikowiec, inside Wapnica Mountain 50°34′11″N 16°34′46″E. It is not classified as one of the complexes of Riese. A quarry and tunnels were created before the war as a result of limestone mining. It is surmised adaptation works were made here since 1943 by the prisoners of AL Ludwigsdorf II. The entrances number 1 and 2 are located inside the quarry. The tunnel number 3 (250 m long) starts from higher level and inclines towards the complex, reaching it 5 m above its floor. There are two large chambers (7 m high). The tunnel number 4, 100 m long and reinforced by stone, is not connected to the main underground. It was built to drain water from the mine. The complex was located near a railway.
Complex Miłków
The complex is located in the village of Ludwikowice Kłodzkie, the hamlet of Miłków and inside Włodyka Mountain 50°37′34″N 16°29′35″E. It is not classified as one of the complexes of Riese. It consisted of the ammunition and explosives factory Dynamit Nobel AG (code name: Mölke-Werke) which was located around the unused coalmine of Wenceslaus. The explosives from Dynamit Nobel AG were used to blast the tunnels of Riese, and the power station located here supplied the project with electricity. The coalmine was closed and flooded in 1939 because of frequent methane explosions. 191 miners lost their lives in one such explosion in 1930. When adaptation works started in 1942 numerous buildings and bunkers were built for the production and storage of ammunition and explosives. They were connected by the network of concrete roads and protected by anti-aircraft artillery. The forced laborers camps of AL Ludwigsdorf I and AL Ludwigsdorf II were built nearby. Presently the complex is in a state of ruin. The coalmine is still flooded and inaccessible, except for small sections. A large quantity of ammunition has been found hidden in the area of the complex.
All Fotos by Dylan
Entrance of the Osowka complex, at the foot of the Owl mountains. |
Ground dug helmets and weaponry (found in 2005) |
The idea was to make smooth concrete tunnels. Here, the wooden foundation is visible. After the war most of the materials were removed by locals. |
One of the carts used by the workers. 13.000 worked at the project |
The exit. |
What is visible from the outside. |
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